Economic Autonomy of Regions in the New Reality

The article expands on the concept of new reality (new normal) for Russia, which includes the increased role of individuals and larger economic autonomy of territories in their interaction with the federal center. The rationale is based on the hypothesis that, in the new reality, the improved wellbeing of people and elimination of economic disparities between the territories can be ensured by expanding their economic autonomy, because it leads to the increase in their intellectual, industrial and technological capacity. In this study, the author used the basic provisions of the classical economic theory, the theory of behavioral economics, interdisciplinary approach, and the method of statistical groupings. The article presents the trends in the economic autonomy of the territories, which include a decrease in the number of donor regions and differentiation of territories in terms of their socio-economic indicators. It substantiates the assumption that the differentiation of territories puts constrains on their socio-economic development and may lead to the emergence of a «regional peripheral economy,» the attribute of which is the dependence of the periphery from the center, reduced local initiative, and slowdown of technological development. The article identi es the need to use the mindset of people, their psychological attitudes in the economic development, the «second invisible hand of the market» and «soft power» in order to move beyond the «regional peripheral economy.» The conducted study demonstrates that the expansion of economic autonomy of the territories is not the increased self-isolation of regions and municipal entities, but consists in the need to retain a signi cant part of the income from the production of goods and services created by local people, so that it could be autonomously used by regional and municipal authorities and directed to improving the wellbeing of territory’s residents.The author proposes to prepare a regulatory and legal document in order to ensure and strengthen the economic autonomy of the territories, and makes speci c proposals on the principles of its content and structure.This article has been prepared with the financial support of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Project No. 15–14–7-2

Accelerators and Deterrents to the Coordinated and Balanced Development of the Regions

In the article, the hypothesis that the modern industrial-technological process causes complication of socio-economic space and conducts to amplification its integrity, which, in turn, causes the need for the coordinated and balanced development, is proved. The process of complication of economic space is revealed as a result of number growth of communications caused by creation of the enterprises and organizations, by the change of structure of manufacture and increase of an educational level of the population. The characteristics of a new quality of economic space are given. The factors of the coordinated and balanced development of territories are allocated. The contents «a commercial combination» is shown. The necessity of transition to the system innovation thinking in conditions of becoming complicated economic space is proved. The idea of use «rebalancing of the economy « as a new vision of equation in conditions of crisis situations is offered. The conclusion is made that the result of theoretical and practical searches should become formation vital stability of development of territories, which is provided with intelligence — technological and moral — ethical level of the population, living on it.This article has been prepared with the financial support of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Project No. 15-14-7-2

Strategic Approach to Solving the Problem of Waste - Reducing their Education

В статье обосновано положение о необходимости, при решении проблемы отходов, использовать стратегический подход, состоящий в разработке мер по сокращению объемов их образования. Предложены научно-методологические блоки решения проблемы отходов и конкретные пути их уменьшения. Показана необходимость изменения спросовых предпочтений потребителей в сторону приобретения экологически чистых товаров, а также развитие у населения осознанного отношения к предварительной сортировке выбрасываемого мусора.The article substantiates the position of the need, when addressing the problem of waste, to use a strategic approach consisting in developing measures to reduce the volume of their formation. Scientific and methodological blocks for solving the problem of waste and specific ways to reduce them are proposed. The necessity of changing consumer demand preferences towards acquiring environmentally friendly goods, as well as the development of a conscious attitude to the pre-sorting of discharged garbage from the population, is shown.Статья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке проекта фундаментальных исследований Уральского отделения Российской академии наук № 18-6-7-18 «Научно-технологическое развитие регионов на принципах зеленой экономики»

REAL ESTATE MARKET IN UKRAINE: TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT AND CHALLENGES

The development of the real estate market in Ukraine has a positive impact on the economy, contributes to the activation of the banking sector, investment and employment growth, and improvement of living conditions, which, in turn, alleviates social problems. The aim of the article is to study the components of the development of the real estate market in Ukraine. In the course of the work, various general scientific and special research methods were applied, including inductive and deductive methods used to analyze the construction output, GDP, and the consumer price index. With the help of economic analysis and comparison, an analysis of interest rates on deposits in hryvnia and foreign currency for 2005-2020 was carried out. The method of correlation-regression analysis was used to study the relationships between the main influencing factors and the resultant factor (the volume of Ukraine’s real estate market). The graphical method was used to visually represent the results of the study. The abstract-logical method was used for theoretical generalizations and drawing conclusions. The authors analyzed the real estate market in Ukraine and revealed a trend of growth in its capacity in value terms during 2010-2019 and a decrease in 2020 compared to the previous year. To forecast the capacity of this market, it is important to identify the determinants that affect its development. A multiple regression linear econometric model was used to quantitatively assess the impact of different factors on the development of Ukraine’s real estate market. The construction output (residential buildings) in value terms was taken as a resultant factor. Consumer income, housing investment, and divorce rate were taken as factors influencing it. Based on research, it was found that from 2005 to 2020 consumer income increased by 3.6 times, and in 2020 by 6.1%. This is one of the indicators among the respondents, which had a positive trend over the past year. According to the results of research for 2019-2020, investments in housing construction, the number of divorces, and interest rates on mortgage loans in UAH for 2020 decreased by 39.9%, 13.2%, and 0.6 points respectively. Examining these indicators for 2005-2020, we can say that only the number of divorces decreased by 5%. All other indicators increased: interest rates on mortgage loans — by 18.2%, consumer incomes — by 35.5%, and the construction output (residential buildings) — by 4 times. Based on the coefficient of determination, F-test, and von Neumann criterion, it was established that the constructed multiple econometric models are adequate for the statistical data of the population and can be used for further analysis of the economic process. To study the influence of factors on the construction output, partial coefficients of elasticity were analyzed. Based on the performed calculations, it was found that the development of the real estate market in Ukraine is primarily influenced by an increase in consumer income and their investments in residential construction, with a 1% increase leading to a 1.008% and 0.248% increase, respectively, in the construction output (residential buildings) in the real estate market of Ukraine. However, the conditions of the war, the decrease in the income level of the Ukrainian population, decrease in the real estate investments, and the destruction of a significant number of residential and non-residential premises have had a negative impact on the studied market. Its activation is expected in the post-war period — the period of restoration of Ukraine

Персонализированная программа реабилитации пациентов старшего возраста с остеоартритом

Objective: to develop a personalized rehabilitation program for improving age-related resilience (AR), antioxidant status (AOS), the quality of life and reducing pain in elderly patients with osteoarthritis (OA).Patients and methods. The program consisted of two parts. In the first part, we conducted a comparative study to assess the AR (Mahnach test), geriatric status, and AOS (amperometric flow-injection analysis) in 181 subjects in total, with coxarthrosis (n=92) and without it (n=89). The average age of patients in two groups was comparable: 72.1±1.1 and 71.9±1.1 years. Using factor analysis, we developed the personalized rehabilitation program based on the obtained data. The effectiveness of the program was evaluated in the second part of our work. We conducted an additional comparative study of changes in AR, AOS, severity of joint pain (by visual analogue scale, VAS) and quality of life (according to SF-36 questionnaire) in patients with coxarthrosis (n=114).Results and discussion. Patients with coxarthrosis had significantly lower level of AR, total antioxidant, and antiradical activity, and a higher content of Schiff bases as compared to subjects without coxarthrosis (p<0.05). The program of rehabilitation, which included a course of treatment with Chondroquard, significantly improved AR, AOS, quality of life and reduced hip pain compared to the standard OA therapy (p<0.05).Conclusion. The personalized rehabilitation program has a complex positive effect on pain, quality of life, AR and AOS in elderly patients with OA.Цель исследования – разработка персонализированной программы реабилитации, направленной на повышение возрастной жизнеспособности (ВЖ), улучшение антиоксидантного статуса (АОС), уменьшение боли и улучшение качества жизни у пациентов старшего возраста с остеоартритом (ОА).Пациенты и методы. Программа состояла из двух частей. В первой части для оценки резервных показателей организма было проведено сравнительное исследование ВЖ (тест Махнача), гериатрического статуса и АОС (амперометрический проточно-инжекционный анализ) у 181 пациента с коксартрозом (n=92) и без такового (n=89). Средний возраст пациентов двух групп был сопоставим: 72,1±1,1 и 71,9±1,1 года. На основании полученных данных с использованием факторного анализа была разработана персонализированная программа реабилитации. Во второй части работы проводилась оценка ее эффективности. Было выполнено дополнительное сравнительное трехмесячное исследование динамики ВЖ, АОС, выраженности боли в суставах (по визуальной аналоговой шкале) и качества жизни (по SF-36), в которое вошли 114 пациентов с коксартрозом.Результаты и обсуждение. У пациентов с коксартрозом отмечались значимо более низкие показатели ВЖ, общей антиокислительной, антирадикальной активности и более высокое содержание шиффовых оснований по сравнению с таковыми у лиц без коксартроза (р<0,05). Разработанная программа реабилитации, включавшая курсовое лечение Хондрогардом, по сравнению со стандартной терапией ОА значимо улучшала ВЖ, АОС, качество жизни и уменьшала боль в тазобедренных суставах (р<0,05).Заключение. Персонализированная программа реабилитации оказывает комплексное положительное влияние на боль, качество жизни, ВЖ и АОС у пациентов старших возрастных групп с ОА

Colorization and Automated Segmentation of Human T2 MR Brain Images for Characterization of Soft Tissues

Characterization of tissues like brain by using magnetic resonance (MR) images and colorization of the gray scale image has been reported in the literature, along with the advantages and drawbacks. Here, we present two independent methods; (i) a novel colorization method to underscore the variability in brain MR images, indicative of the underlying physical density of bio tissue, (ii) a segmentation method (both hard and soft segmentation) to characterize gray brain MR images. The segmented images are then transformed into color using the above-mentioned colorization method, yielding promising results for manual tracing. Our color transformation incorporates the voxel classification by matching the luminance of voxels of the source MR image and provided color image by measuring the distance between them. The segmentation method is based on single-phase clustering for 2D and 3D image segmentation with a new auto centroid selection method, which divides the image into three distinct regions (gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using prior anatomical knowledge). Results have been successfully validated on human T2-weighted (T2) brain MR images. The proposed method can be potentially applied to gray-scale images from other imaging modalities, in bringing out additional diagnostic tissue information contained in the colorized image processing approach as described

Strategic planning of development of the territory - the emerging economic form of a response to market challenges and globalization

This article discusses the use of strategic development areas for the Russian response to the challenges of the market and globalization. It is shown that the economic form of the territorial coordination of actions of all participants in social production - business, government, the public - is acceptable for Russia and will contribute to the welfare of the people

TERRITORIAL CONJUGATION AND GENERATION OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED INNOVATION AREA

The paper deals with the issues concerned with junction process influence on the character of territorial development. The process of generation of new activities is demonstrated, including territorial conjugation and integrative economy. Emergence of new self-sustained economic resources for territorial development is demonstrated; the key resources are knowledge-based and innovation potentials; in connection with that, territories acquire new quality specified as a knowledge-based innovation area

Differences of opinion between K. Marx and A. I. Herzen over the prospects of economic development of Russia: Significance for the present time

The article analyses the differences in views between K. Marx and A.I. Herzen on the prospects of economic development of Russia in the second half of the 19th century. The paper shows that K. Marx proved his views relying on the development of the industry, which had created conditions for the extension of the individualistic capitalist relations as well as for the appearance of the proletariat. A. I. Herzen paid more attention to the community relations, which gave to the Russian capitalism national specificity. A considerable part of the differences between the views of K. Marx and A. I. Herzen on the prospects of economic development of Russia is connected with their attitude towards the Russian rural community. Therefore, the article reveals their understanding of this phenomenon. K. Marx understood the community in connection with land ownership. However, A. I. Herzen attributed different social aspects to the community, as well as discussed communal self-government. For the first time, I define their mental perception of the opportunities of social transformations in Russia as one of the main differences in views between K. Marx and A.I. Herzen. K. Marx was shaped by the values of industrial and urban society. Therefore, he looked at the prospects of economic development of Russia through the materialistic understanding of history, and considered the proletariat as the driving force of transformations. A. I. Herzen's way of thinking developed under the influence of the Russian mentality. As an artist and writer, he adhered to a figurative and intuitive, emotional type of thinking, which is closer to the rural life. He supported the change of a social regime, but considered that one should not destroy all the previous orders simply because they were old. He thought that it was necessary to understand the features of national mentality, and that the Russian collectivism was suitable for socialism more than the Western European individualism. I have proved that the differences of opinion between these two scientists are directly relevant to a challenge of choosing the road for the development of Russia in the 21st century. The collectivistic origins are to be considered, as well as the ideas of a social imprinting when forming the modern Russian capitalism. I have concluded that there were no serious differences in opinion between K. Marx and A. I. Herzen on the prospects of economic development of Russia in 19th century. There were certain divergences in views on understanding the Russian society. These divergences allow to see the beginning of essentially new approaches to the socio-economic development of modern Russia. © 2018 Economy of Region. All rights reserved.Проведен анализ расхождений взглядов Карла Маркса и Александра Ивановича Герцена на перспективы экономического развития России во второй половине 19 века. Показано, что Карл Маркс обосновывал свои взгляды, опираясь на развитие промышленности, которая создавала условия для расширения индивидуалистических капиталистических отношений и появления пролетариата. Отмечено, что Александр Иванович Герцен больше внимания обращал на общинные отношения, которые придавали российскому капитализму национальную специфику. Обосновано, что расхождения во взглядах этих мыслителей имеют прямое отношение к решению вопросов о выборе путей развития России в 21 веке. Высказаны предложения о необходимости учета коллективистических начал, а также идей социального импринтинга при формировании современного российского капитализма. Сделан вывод, что серьезных расхождений во взглядах на перспективы экономического развития России 19 века не было